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Process
Overview
Frequently Asked Questions
European Energy Charter (1991)
Energy Charter Treaty (1994)
Energy Charter Treaty
Signatories / Contracting Parties
Energy Efficiency Protocol
Trade Amendment
International Energy Charter (2015)
Overview
1st Anniversary of The Hague II Conference
Review
What we do
Investment
Overview
Energy Investment Risk Assessment (EIRA)
Industry Advisory Panel
The 'Blue Book'
Investment Thematic Reports
China Investment Report
The Energy Charter Investment Facilitation Toolbox
The Role of the Energy Charter Treaty in Fostering Regional Electricity Market Integration: Lessons Learnt from the EU and Implications for Northeast Asia
Towards Secure and Sustainable Energy Supply in Central Asia: Electricity Market Reform and Investment Protection
Taxation of Foreign Investments under International Law: Article 21 of the Energy Charter Treaty in Context (2015)
Analysis of Mutual Exchanges of Business Assets within Investment Activities in the Energy Sector (2014)
Gobitec and the Asian Supergrid for Renewable Energy Sources in Northeast Asia (2014)
Low Carbon Investment (2013)
Expropriation Regime under the Energy Charter Treaty (2012)
Analysis on Issues Related to Competition under the Energy Charter Treaty (2012)
Investment and Market Development in Carbon Capture and Storage: Role of the Energy Charter Treaty (2009)
Can Synthetic Fuels Help Alleviate Europe's Petroleum Dependence? An Overview of CTL in Poland (2008)
Driving without Petroleum? A Comparative Guide to Biofuels, Gas-to-liquids and Coal-to-liquids as Fuels for Transportation (2007)
Investing in Energy Efficiency: Removing the Barriers (2004)
Best Practices Guidelines on Restructuring (including Privatisation) in the Energy Sector (2003)
Third-party Financing: Achieving its Potential (2003)
Investment Climate and Market Structure
Investment in Latvia (2015)
Investment in Armenia (2015)
Investment in Mongolia (2013)
Investment in Lithuania (2013)
Investment in Kazakhstan (2013)
Investment in Moldova (2011)
Investment in Poland (2011)
Investment in Azerbaijan (2011)
Investment in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2011)
Investment in Bulgaria (2011)
Investment in Tajikistan (2010)
Investment in Armenia (2008)
Investment in Georgia (2007)
Investment in Belarus (2007)
Investment in Kyrgyzstan (2007)
Investment in Turkey (2007)
Investment in Ukraine (2006)
Investment in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2006)
Investment in Azerbaijan (2005)
Investment in Uzbekistan (2005)
Investment in Russian Federation (2004)
Investment in Armenia (2004)
Investment Promotion Centre
Trade and Transit
Overview
Model Agreements
Trade Amendment
Regional Energy Task Force
Cross Border Pipelines
Transit Protocol
Trade and Transit Thematic Reports
Intergovernmental Agreements and Host Government Agreements on Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Comparison (2015)
Energy Transit Activities: a Collection of Intergovernmental Agreements of Oil and Gas Transit Pipelines and Commentary (2015)
International Energy Security: Common Concept for Energy Producing, Consuming and Transit Countries (2015)
Securing Energy Flows from Central Asia to China and the Relevance of the Energy Charter Treaty to China (2015)
Price of Electricity Transit in Transition Countries (2014)
Bringing Gas to the Market: Gas Transit and Transmission Tariffs in Energy Charter Treaty Countries - Regulatory Aspects and Tariff Methodologies (2012)
Bringing Oil to the Market: Transport Tariffs and Underlying Methodologies for Cross-Border Crude Oil and Products Pipelines (2012)
Putting a Price on Energy: Oil Pricing Update (2011)
Market Trading Mechanisms for Delivering Energy Efficiency (2010)
Russian Gas in China: Complex Issues in Cross-Border Pipeline Negotiations (2010)
Putting a Price on Energy: International Coal Pricing (2010)
Fostering LNG Trade: Developments in LNG Trade and Pricing (2009)
Taxation along the Oil and Gas Supply Chain: International Pricing Mechanisms for Oil and Gas (2008)
Fostering LNG Trade: Role of the Energy Charter (2008)
Oil Flows and Export Capacity in the Caspian Sea and Black Sea Regions (2008)
Putting a Price on Energy: International Pricing Mechanisms for Oil and Gas (2007)
From Wellhead to Market: Oil Pipeline Tariffs and Tariff Methodologies in Selected Energy Charter Member Countries (2007)
Energy Efficiency and Emissions Trading (2006)
The Impact of CO2 Reduction Measures on Energy Trade (2006)
Gas Transit Tariffs in Selected ECT Countries (2006)
Regional Electricity Markets in the ECT Area (2003)
Applicable Trade Provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty (2003)
Trade in Energy: WTO Rules Applying under the Energy Charter Treaty (2002)
Energy Transit: the Multilateral Challenge (1998)
Energy Efficiency
Overview
Energy Efficiency Thematic Reports
Gobitec and the Asian Supergrid for Renewable Energy Sources in Northeast Asia (2014)
Market Trading Mechanisms for Delivering Energy Efficiency (2010)
Policies that Work: Introducing Energy Efficiency Standards and Labels for Appliances and Equipment (2009)
Energy Efficiency in the Public Sector (2008)
Policy Developments and Challenges in Delivering Energy Efficiency (2007)
Cogeneration and District Heating: Best Practices for Municipalities (2006)
Energy Efficiency and Emissions Trading (2006)
Integration of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Policies (2005)
Investing in Energy Efficiency: Removing the Barriers (2004)
Third-party Financing: Achieving its Potential (2003)
The Road towards an Energy Efficient Future (2003)
Impacts of Market Liberalisation on Energy Efficiency Policies and Programmes (2002)
Energy Efficiency Country Reviews
In-depth Review of Energy Efficiency Policies and Programmes
In-Depth Review of the Energy Efficiency Policy of Kyrgyzstan (2017)
In-Depth Review of the Energy Efficiency Policy of Armenia (2016)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Moldova (2015)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Turkey (2014)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Tajikistan (2013)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Ukraine (2013)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Azerbaijan (2013)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Albania (2013)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Belarus (2013)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2012)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Georgia (2012)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Mongolia (2011)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Slovakia (2009)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Bulgaria (2008)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Latvia (2007)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2007)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Sweden (2006)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Georgia (2006)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Croatia (2005)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Moldova (2004)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Denmark (2004)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of the Czech Republic (2004)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Turkey (2003)
In-Depth Energy Efficiency Review of Estonia (2002)
Energy Efficiency Regular Reviews
Energy Efficiency in Kyrgyzstan (2011)
Energy Efficiency in Jordan (2010)
Energy Efficiency in Croatia (2010)
Energy Efficiency in Italy (2009)
Energy Efficiency in Albania (2008)
Energy Efficiency in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2008)
Energy Efficiency in Russia (2007)
Energy Efficiency in Slovakia (2006)
Energy Efficiency in Romania (2006)
Energy Efficiency in Kazakhstan (2006)
Energy Efficiency in Switzerland (2006)
Energy Efficiency in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2006)
Energy Efficiency in Iceland (2005)
Energy Efficiency in Armenia (2005)
Specific Energy Efficiency Reviews
Kazakhstan Review: Energy Saving and Improving Energy Efficiency (2014)
DACO Project
Dispute Settlement
Overview
Amicable Resolution of Disputes
Conflict Resolution Centre
Investment Dispute Settlement Cases
1. AES Summit Generation Ltd. (UK subsidiary of US-based AES Corporation) v. Hungary
2. Nykomb Synergetics Technology Holding AB (Sweden) v. Latvia
3. Plama Consortium Ltd. (Cyprus) v. Bulgaria
4. Petrobart Ltd. (Gibraltar) v. Kyrgyzstan
5. Alstom Power Italia SpA, Alstom SpA (Italy) v. Mongolia
6. Yukos Universal Ltd. (UK - Isle of Man) v. Russian Federation
7. Hulley Enterprises Ltd. (Cyprus) v. Russian Federation
8. Veteran Petroleum Trust (Cyprus) v. Russian Federation
9. Ioannis Kardassopoulos (Greece) v. Georgia
10. Amto (Latvia) v. Ukraine
11. Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. (HEP) (Croatia) v. Republic of Slovenia
12. Libananco Holdings Co. Limited (Cyprus) v. Republic of Turkey
13. Azpetrol International Holdings B.V., Azpetrol Group B.V. and Azpetrol Oil Services Group B.V. (the Netherlands) v. Azerbaijan
14. Barmek Holding A.S. (Turkey) v. Azerbaijan
15. Cementownia "Nowa Huta" S.A. (Poland) v. Republic of Turkey
16. Europe Cement Investment and Trade S.A. (Poland) v. Republic of Turkey
17. Liman Caspian Oil B.V. (the Netherlands) and NCL Dutch Investment B.V. (the Netherlands) v. Republic of Kazakhstan
18. Electrabel S.A. (Belgium) v. Republic of Hungary
19. AES Summit Generation Limited and AES-Tisza Erömü Kft. (UK) v. Republic of Hungary
20. Mohammad Ammar Al-Bahloul (Austria) v. Tajikistan
21. Mercuria Energy Group Ltd. (Cyprus) v. Republic of Poland
22. Alapli Elektrik B.V. (the Netherlands) v. Republic of Turkey
23. Remington Worldwide Limited (UK) v. Ukraine
24. Vattenfall AB, Vattenfall Europe AG, Vattenfall Europe Generation AG & Co. KG (Sweden) v. Federal Republic of Germany
25. EDF International S.A. (France) v. Republic of Hungary
26. EVN AG (Austria) v. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
27. AES Corporation and Tau Power B.V. (the Netherlands) v. Kazakhstan
28. Anatolie and Gabriel Stati, Ascom Group S.A., Terra Raf Trans Traiding Ltd v. Kazakhstan
29. Khan Resources B.V. (the Netherlands) v. Mongolia
30. Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı (Turkey) v. Kazakhstan
31. The PV Investors v. Spain
32. Slovak Gas Holding BV (the Netherlands) et al v. Slovak Republic
33. Vattenfall AB (Sweden) et al v. Germany
34. Charanne (the Netherlands) and Construction Investments (Luxembourg) v. Spain
35. ČEZ (Czech Republic) v. Albania
36. Antaris Solar and Dr. Michael Göde v. Czech Republic
37. EVN AG v. Republic of Bulgaria
38. Isolux Infrastructure Netherlands B.V. v. Spain
39. CSP Equity Investment S.à.r.l. v. Spain
40. RREEF Infrastructure (G.P.) Limited and RREEF Pan-European Infrastructure Two Lux S.à.r.l. v. Spain
41. Antin Infrastructure Services Luxembourg S.à.r.l. and Antin Energia Termosolar B.V. v. Spain
42. MOL Nyrt. (Hungary) v. Croatia
43. Eiser Infrastructure Limited and Energia Solar Luxembourg S.à.r.l. v. Spain
44. Natland Investment Group NV, Natland Group Limited, G.I.H.G. Limited, and Radiance Energy Holding S.A.R.L. v. Czech Republic
45. Voltaic Network GmbH v. Czech Republic
46. ICW Europe Investments Limited v. Czech Republic
47. Photovoltaik Knopf Betriebs-GmbH v. Czech Republic
48. WA Investments-Europa Nova Limited v. Czech Republic
49. Masdar Solar & Wind Cooperatief UA v. Spain
50. Blusun SA, Jean-Pierre Lecorcier and Nichael Stein v. Italy
51. NextEra Energy Global Holdings B.V. and NextEra Energy Spain Holdings B.V. v. Spain
52. InfraRed Environmental Infrastructure GP ltd. et al v. Spain
53. Elektrogospodarstvo Slovenije - razvoj ininzeniring d.o.o. v. Bosnia and Herzegovina
54. ООО “Энергоальянс” (Energoalliance Ltd.) (Ukraine) v. the Republic of Moldova
55. State Enterprise Energorynok v. the Republic of Moldova
56. Cem Uzan v. Republic of Turkey
57. RENERGY S.à.r.l. v. Spain
58. Albaniabeg Ambient Sh.p.k., M. Angelo Novelli and Construzioni S.r.l. v. Albania
59. ALPIQ v. Romania
60. RWE Innogy GmbH and RWE Innogy Aersa S.A.U. v. Spain
61. Stadtwerke München GmbH, RWE Innogy GmbH et al. v. Spain
62. STEAG GmbH v. Spain
63. JKX Oil & Gas, et al v. Ukraine
64. Aktau Petrol Ticaret A.Ş. and Som Petrol Ticaret A.Ş. v. Kazakhstan
65. Mamidoil Jetoil Greek Petroleum Products Societe Anonyme S.A. (Greek) v. Albania
66. 9REN Holding S.a.r.l v. Spain
67. BayWa r.e. Renewable Energy GmbH and BayWa r.e. Asset Holding GmbH v. Spain
68. Cube Infrastructure Fund SICAV and others v. Spain
69. Matthias Kruck and others v. Spain
70. KS Invest GmbH and TLS Invest GmbH v. Spain
71. JGC Corporation v. Spain
72. Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH in Liqu. v. Turkey
73. Financial Performance Holdings BV v. Russian Federation
74. Luxtona Limited v. Russian Federation
75. Yukos Capital SARL v. Russian Federation
76. Cavalum SGPS, S.A. v. Spain
77. E.ON SE, E.ON Finanzanlagen GmbH and E.ON Iberia Holding GmbH. v. Spain
78. Greentech Energy Systems and Novenergia. v. Italy
79. OperaFund Eco-Invest SICAV PLC and Schwab Holding AG. v. Spain
80. Silver Ridge Power BV v. Italy
81. ENERGO-PRO a.s. v. Bulgaria
82. SolEs Badajoz GmbH v. Spain
83. Belenergia S.A. v. Italy
84. Littop Enterprises Limited, Bridgemont Ventures Limited and Bordo Management Limited v. Ukraine
85. Hydro Energy 1 S.à r.l. and Hydroxana Sweden AB v. Spain
86. Watkins Holdings S.à r.l. and others v. Spain
87. Landesbank Baden-Württemberg and others v. Spain
88. Eskosol S.p.A. in liquidazione v. Italy
89. Eurus Energy Holdings Corporation and Eurus Energy Europe B.V. v. Spain
90. Alten Renewable Energy Developments BV v. Spain
91. Federal Elektrik Yatırım ve Ticaret A.Ş. and others v. Uzbekistan
92. ENGIE SA, GDF International SAS and ENGIE International Holdings BV v. Hungary
93. ESPF Beteiligungs GmbH, ESPF Nr. 2 Austria Beteiligungs GmbH, and InfraClass Energie 5 GmbH & Co. KG v. Italy
94. Sun-Flower Olmeda GmbH & Co KG and others v. Spain
95. Infracapital F1 S.à r.l. and Infracapital Solar B.V. v. Spain
96. ČEZ, a.s. v. Bulgaria
97. Sevilla Beheer B.V. and others v. Spain
98. Amlyn Holding B.V. v. Croatia
99. Viaduct d.o.o. Portorož, Vladimir Zevnik and Boris Goljevšček v. Bosnia and Herzegovina
100. VC Holding II S.a.r.l. and others v. Italy
101. Rockhopper Italia S.p.A., Rockhopper Mediterranean Ltd, and Rockhopper Exploration Plc v. Italian Republic
102. Portigon AG v. Kingdom of Spain
103. KazTransGas v. Georgia
104. Novenergia v. Spain
105. Lotus Holding Anonim Şirketi v. Turkmenistan
106. CEF Energia BV vs. Italy
107. Sun Reserve Luxco Holdings SRL v. Italy
108. DCM Energy GmbH & Co. Solar 1 KG and others v. Kingdom of Spain
109. EDF ENERGIES v. Kingdom of Spain
110. Green Power K/S Y Obton A/S v. Kingdom of Spain
111. Greentech Energy System A/S, Foresight Luxembourg Solar 1 S.A.R.L., Foresight Luxembourg Solar 2 S.A.R.L., GWM Renewable Energy l S.P.A, GWM Renewable Energy ll S.P.A v. Kingdom of Spain
112. FREIF Eurowind Holdings Ltd v. Kingdom of Spain
113. Solarpark Management GmbH & Co. Atum I KG v. Kingdom of Spain
114. ACF Renewable Energy Limited v. Republic of Bulgaria
115. Mohammed Munshi v. Mongolia
116. LSG Building Solutions GmbH and others v. Romania
117. Veolia Propreté SAS v. Italian Republic
118. Triodos SICAV II v. Spain
119. Itochu Corporation v. Spain
120. EBL, Tubo Sol PE2 S.L. v Spain
121. European Solar Farms A/S v. Spain
All Investment Dispute Settlement Cases
Access to Travaux Préparatoires
Energy Charter Treaty Drafts
CONEXO
Overview
Regional activities
Energy Charter Liaison Embassies
Knowledge Centre
Overview
Training Programmes
Training Programme - 5-8 November 2018
Training Programme - 15-17 October 2018
Training Programme - 6-8 November 2017
Training Programme: 1-2 June 2017
Training Programme Picture Gallery
Training Programme - 19-21 October 2016
Training Programme Picture Gallery
Training Programme: Visegrad+ Session - 17-20 May 2016
Training Programme Picture Gallery
Register
Complex Contract Negotiations Workshop - 3 November 2015
Training Programme - 3-6 November 2015
Training Programme Picture Gallery
Training Programme - 5-8 May 2015
Training Programme - 5-7 November 2014
Training Programme - 10-13 June 2014
Training Programme - 14-16 May 2014
Training Programme - 28-30 October 2013
Speakers' Biographies
Training Programme - 6-8 May 2013
Speakers' Biographies
Testimonials
Pictures
Beijing Research Centre
The Steering Committee
The Head of the Centre
The Academic Board
Occasional Papers
The Common Energy Market of the Eurasian Economic Union: Implications for the European Union and the role of the Energy Charter Treaty
The Philippines - On The Path Towards Integration Into The Global Energy Markets: The Role Of The Energy Charter Treaty
A Rule-Based Architecture for the Energy Sector: The WTO and the ECT
Energy in the East African Community: the role of the Energy Charter Treaty
The Role of the Energy Charter in Promoting Electricity Cooperation in the South Caucasus
Pre-assessment Report of the Mozambican Energy Sector
Towards a Cooperative Framework for a China-Central Asia Energy Transit Community
Regional Electricity Cooperation in the South Caucasus
Mexico's Energy Sector under the Universal Principles of the 2015 International Energy Charter
The ECT and ADR in the context of Investor-State and other Disputes
The Energy Sector of Niger: Perspectives and Opportunities
Electricity Cooperation Opportunities in the South Caucasus: The Role of Georgia
Egypt's Energy Sector: Regional Cooperation Outlook and Prospects of Furthering Engagement with the Energy Charter
Non-Pecuniary Remedies under the Energy Charter Treaty
Securing Energy Flows from Central Asia to China: Relevance of the Energy Charter Treaty
Energy Cooperation in Central Europe: Interconnecting the Visegrad Region
Towards Secure and Sustainable Energy Supply in Central Asia: Electricity Market Reform and Investment Protection
Knitting the Fabric of Regional Governance: Unique Model of the Gulf Cooperation Council
South Caucasus Energy Integration: Market Snapshots
Russia and the Energy Charter Treaty
Pricing of Electricity Transit in Transition Countries
Potential Impact of the Energy Charter Treaty on FDI Promotion and Protection in view of Global Trends, Energy Governance and Possible Actions towards ECT Non-Members
Exchanges of Business Assets within Investment Activities in the Energy Sector: Key Concepts
Testing the Water for Global Energy Governance Reform: Can the Energy Charter Provide a New Benchmark?
Infographics
Newsletter
Energy Charter Award
Conference Decisions
Who we are
Institutions
Energy Charter Conference
Members & Observers
Subsidiary Bodies
Overview
Strategy group
Subgroup on Modernisation
Subgroup on Modernisation - 06 September 2018
Subgroup on Modernisation - 05 July 2018
Subgroup on Modernisation - 15 May 2018
Subgroup on Modernisation - 14 May 2018
Subgroup on Modernisation - 23 March 2018
Subgroup on Modernisation - 2 February 2018
Strategy Group - 25 October 2018
Strategy Group - 22 March 2018
Strategy Group - 19-20 October 2017
Strategy Group - 7-8 June 2017
Strategy Group - 11 October 2016
Strategy Group - 15 June 2016
Strategy Group - 8 March 2016
Strategy Group - 22 October 2015
Strategy Group - 16 September 2015
Strategy Group - 9 June 2015
Strategy Group - 3 March 2015
Implementation Group
Technical Subgroup on Transit
Technical Subgoup on Transit Meeting - 24 October 2018
Technical Subgoup on Transit Meeting - 16 May 2018
Budget Committee
Legal Advisory Committee
Legal Advisory Committee - 25 July 2014
Legal Advisory Committee - 26 September 2013
Legal Advisory Committee - 16 April 2013
Legal Advisory Committee - 29 January 2013
Other Meetings
Industry Advisory Panel
Legal Advisory Task Force
Secretariat
Overview
National Contributions
Annual Reports
Research Fellowships
Seconded Experts
Staff on Loan
Internships
Secretary General
Urban Rusnák (2012-present)
André Mernier (2006-2011)
Ria Kemper (2000-2005)
Peter Schütterle (1996-1999)
Clive Jones (1991-1995)
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